央行行长易纲：中国的通胀前景较为稳定 宏观经济将继续从总量上发力以支持经济复苏

standing green loans in China exceeded 18 trillion yuan， posting a rapid increase． Outstanding green bonds reached about 1.3 trillion yuan， one of the largest in the world．

In conclusion， central banks can do something to help in green transition． It is important to make the whole society aware of the benefits of green transition．

易纲：世界银行可以在浅绿色蜕变中的充份发挥重要和积极充份发挥作用，对此亚太地区全球化已有深思熟虑。

就银行业而言，世界银行首要和最重要的责任是维护价格稳定。即使如此，一些世界银行仍有政策空间，通过持续性银行业促进浅绿色蜕变。

为促进浅绿色蜕变，国家银行在此期间做了很多岗位。国家银行于2018年将优质浅绿色普通股和利息纳入中的期借贷便利的合格借贷区域内，并在去年面世了碳减排默许用以和默许煤矿清洁高效利用专项再行利息两个取而代之银行业用以，储蓄原则上为1.75%，默许符合条件的金融服务项目独立机构为具有很大碳减排不稳定性的单项提供商业性企业者。

截至去年5同年末，国家银行通过两个用以向相关金融服务项目独立机构累计分发资金来源2100多亿元，促使减少碳排放超6000万吨水蒸气当量，将近占到华南地区年碳排放量的0.6%。

此外，去年5同月，国家银行修订印发《银行业金融服务项目独立机构浅绿色金融服务项目评价拟议》，将金融服务项目独立机构分发浅绿色利息和浅绿色普通股业务纳入世界银行金融服务项目独立机构下调，以提倡金融服务项目独立机构为浅绿色蜕变提供默许。

上述机制适度浅绿色企业者快速上升。截至2022年3同月，华南地区浅绿色利息卡内已至少18万亿元，上升迅速。华南地区境内浅绿色普通股卡内将近1.3万亿元，在全球位居前列。

总之，世界银行可以在浅绿色蜕变中的充份发挥充份发挥作用，提高全全球化对浅绿色蜕变益处的认识至关重要。

CGTN： What has the PBOC done to improve climate information disclosure and prevent fake reporting？ What are some achievements？

采访：国家银行在完善浅绿色数据公开发表、防止伪造等总体在此期间做了哪些岗位？取得了哪些成效？

Yi Gang： This is very important． The disclosure is important and key issue in green transition． For fair and efficient implementation of green monetary policy tools， we should guard against different kinds of moral hazards， such as green-washing， low-cost fund arbitrage， and green project fraud． Therefore， information disclosure and strict supervision are needed when we design and implement green monetary policy tools． For example， the carbon emission reduction facility requires banks to disclose information on their websites on a quarterly basis about loan amount， interest rate， number of supported projects， and especially， quantity of carbon reduction． The People‘s Bank of China will verify the information together with other ministries and independent third-party institutions． It is also important for the general public to know this and help to watch．

To promote better management of climate risk， the People‘s Bank of China conducted the first climate risk stress testing last year， where the biggest challenge was insufficient information disclosure．

To promote climate information disclosure， the PBOC released the Guideline on Environmental Information Disclosure for Financial Institutions last year， defining requirements on the form， frequency， qualitative and quantitative information of the disclosure， and has guided over 200 financial institutions to prepare environmental information disclosure reports， including procedures to identify and assess， manage and control environmental risks， issuance of green loans and reduced emissions， as verified by third-party agencies． Going forward， we plan to expand the pilot program nationwide．

易纲：数据公开发表颇为重要，是促进浅绿色蜕变的关键。为公平竞争高效地实施浅绿色银行业用以，在实践中的需注意防堵“洗绿”、商业性资金来源套利、浅绿色单项伪造等各类道德不确定性疑问，因此，在设计和实施默许浅绿色蜕变的银行业用以的全过程中的，原则上要在此期间做到数据公开表面、监管严格顺畅。例如，碳减排默许用以要求金融服务项目独立机构按季度公开公开发表其分发的碳减排利息金额、储蓄、默许单项数，以及利息促使的碳减排比例等数据，国家银行将会同部门和独立的第三方机械工程独立机构对公开发表数据进行核实，公众告知并对此进行监督也颇为重要。

为倡议监管干旱不确定性，国家银行去年筹划了首次干旱不确定性影响试验，从试验上述情况看，碳排放数据公开发表不充份仍是面对着的最大挑战。

为促进干旱数据公开发表，国家银行去年发布了《金融服务项目独立机构环境数据公开发表指南》，对金融服务项目独立机构环境数据公开发表的形式、复杂程度、可不公开发表的定性及定量数据等总体驳斥要求，并已指导200百余人金融服务项目独立机构试编制环境数据公开发表报告，包括环境不确定性的标识、评估、监管、控制流程，经第三方机械工程独立机构核实验证的分发碳减排利息的上述情况及其促使的碳减排需求量等数据，未来将适时推展到全国。

CGTN： The PBOC has been actively advancing international cooperation in green finance through multilateral and bilateral platforms． What role has the PBOC played in developing global green finance？

采访：国家银行一直通过多边和双边平台积极倡议浅绿色金融服务项目亚太地区协力。在倡议亚太地区浅绿色金融服务项目的发展总体，国家银行充当了怎样的角色？

Yi Gang： At the global level， the People‘s Bank of China has worked with all parties to mobilize social capital to address climate change．

First， China co-chaired the G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group． Last year， the G20 resumed the Sustainable Finance Working Group， co-chaired by the People‘s Bank of China and the US Treasury． The working group has completed the G20 Sustainable Finance Roadmap as an important global guidance for mobilizing social capital to address climate change． This year， our priority is to develop the framework for transition finance， to guide social capital to support low-carbon transition of high-emission sectors．

Second， we he made progress in harmonizing taxonomies with our European counterparts． The People‘s Bank of China and the European Commission he been comparing green finance taxonomies since 2020． In November last year， we published the Common Ground Taxonomy， proposing 55 mutually recognized economic activities that could mitigate climate change． We he just upgraded the Common Ground Taxonomy on June 3rd this year， adding another 17 economic activities． The groundbreaking work could facilitate cross border green capital flows． To date， the China Construction Bank and the Industrial Bank he issued green bonds under Common Ground Taxonomy． Some emerging market economies also refer to this taxonomy．

Third， we he leveraged green finance to build a green “Belt and Road”． In 2019， the People‘s Bank of China offered guidance in launching the Green Investment Principles （GIP） for the Belt and Road， outlining seven principles for green investment． As of May 2022， the GIP membership he expanded to 41 signatories and 14 supporters．

The People‘s Bank of China is also working with the Network of Central Banks and visors for Greening the Financial System （NGFS）， the FSB and the BCBS on various fronts， including regulatory standards for green finance．

Going forward， the PBOC will continue to strengthen international cooperation on green finance through multilateral and bilateral platforms to create an enabling environment for China to achieve the target of carbon peaking and neutrality．

易纲：在亚太地区可不用领域，国家银行与各方一道，积极正向零售商资金来源默许干旱变迁可不对。

一是联席牵头G20永续金融服务项目岗位组。2021年末，G20以后设立永续金融服务项目研究一个小组，国家银行和美国财政部任联合主席，牵头制定完成了《G20永续金融服务项目浅绿色》，沦为亚太地区多总体正向零售商资金来源默许可不对干旱变迁的重要指引。去年，我们的重点是倡议制定蜕变金融服务项目框架，正向零售商资金来源默许高排放行业稳妥有序地借助低碳蜕变。

二是与欧方推进浅绿色金融服务项目归入规范趋同取得阶段性成就。2020年起，国家银行与欧委会筹划中的欧浅绿色归入规范对照，并于2021年11同月发布《都由归入目录》，驳斥了中的欧各自浅绿色金融服务项目归入规范都由认可、对减低干旱变迁有很大开创性的55项经济社会全球化活动清单。去年6同月3日，国家银行和欧委会发布了《都由归入目录》的更新版，汇编了17项经济社会全球化活动。中的欧率先倡议和解浅绿色归入规范可比、互通，有利于正向跨境浅绿色资金来源流动。目前渣打银行、兴业银行已日出版了《都由归入目录》贴标浅绿色普通股，部分新兴零售商国家发布的浅绿色金融服务项目归入目录也参考资料了《都由归入目录》。

三是以浅绿色金融服务项目打造浅绿色“一带一路”。2019年国家银行指导发起了《“一带一路”浅绿色企业法理》（GIP），GIP对浅绿色企业驳斥七条法理。截至2022年5同月，GIP成员需求量增大到41家进行谈判独立机构以及14家默许独立机构。

此外，国家银行还同世界银行与监管独立机构浅绿色金融服务项目在线（NGFS）、金融服务项目稳定理事会（FSB）、法兰克福银行监管特别委员会（BCBS）等筹划多可不用领域交流协力，倡议完善浅绿色金融服务项目监管规范。

下一步，国家银行将在此期间通过多双边平台倡议浅绿色金融服务项目亚太地区协力，极高地服务项目我自身借助碳达峰、碳中的和目标。

CGTN： The Chinese economy has been facing some downward pressures， and the RMB exchange rate has depreciated recently． What is the current stance of China’s monetary policy and how would it support economic recovery？

采访：近期华南地区经济社会面对着一定上行线影响，出现一定通胀。当前银行业的取向如何？将在默许全国经济社会复苏中的充份发挥怎样的充份发挥作用？

Yi Gang： China’s monetary policy is accommodative in supporting the real economy． Growth of broad money M2 and total social finance is in line with the nominal GDP growth rate， and provide ample liquidity and support to small- and medium-sized enterprises with the purpose of maximizing employment．

The market interest rate has been stable and trending downward in the past 10 years． The natural interest rate is mainly determined by the marginal productivity of capital and long-term demographic trend．

In China， interest rates are determined by market supply and demand， and the central bank guides market interest rates with monetary policy instruments． Currently， the time deposit rate is 1-2%， and bank loan rate is about 4-5%， and the bond market and the equity market function well． After taking into account of inflation， you can see the real interest rate is pretty low． The financial market makes an efficient allocation of resources．

We he a flexible and market-determined exchange rate system using a basket of currencies as reference． Compared to 20 years ago， RMB has appreciated against the USD by 25%， and appreciated against a basket of currencies by about 30% in nominal terms． The appreciation in real terms is even more．

Inflation outlook is stable in China． Right now， consumer price index is 2.1% and producer price index is about 6.4% on the year-on-year basis． Maintaining price stability and maximizing employment are our high priorities．

This year， we face some downward pressures of growth due to COVID-19 and external shocks， and the monetary policy will continue to be accommodative to support economic recovery in aggregate sense． At the same time， we also emphasize structural policies such as supporting small- and medium-sized enterprises and green transition．

易纲：华南地区的银行业一直是与默许实质经济社会的发展都为的。广义债券M2和全球化企业者增速与名义GDP增速基本给定，持续保持流动性合理充裕，默许大企业的发展以借助失业者最大化目标。

过去十年来，华南地区的零售商储蓄技术水平稳中的有降。自然储蓄技术水平主要由资本边际产出率和人口一直的近期所决定。

华南地区储蓄形成机制是由零售商供求决定的，中的央银行通过运用银行业用以正向零售商储蓄。目前定期存款储蓄将近1-2%，银行利息储蓄将近4-5%，同时普通股和股票零售商颇为有效性地运行。考虑到通胀技术水平，可以看得出来实际储蓄技术水平是相当低的，金融服务项目零售商得以有效性配置水资源。

必将实行的是灵活的、以零售商供求为基础，参考资料一篮子债券进行调节的汇率制度。与20年前相比，对美元汇率下调将近25%，对一篮子债券的名义汇率下调将近30%，实际汇率下调幅度极高。

华南地区的通胀大环境颇为稳定，CPI销售收入上升2.1%，PPI销售收入上升6.4%。持续保持物价稳定和失业者最大化是我们的岗位重点。

去年以来，受鼠疫和举例来说冲击等影响，华南地区经济社会面对着一定上行线影响。银行业将在此期间从总量上发力以默许经济社会复苏。同时，我们也会强调用好默许大企业和浅绿色蜕变等持续性银行业用以。

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